Understanding Lupus

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system becomes hyperactive and attacks normal, healthy tissue. This results in inflammation, and damage to various body systems, including the joints, skin, kidneys, heart, lungs, blood vessels and brain. Over 20,000 Australians are living with lupus, with the vast majority being women of childbearing age.

Lupus is often called the great imitator — its symptoms overlap with so many other conditions that diagnosis can take years. Fatigue, joint pain and skin rashes are among the most common, but no two people experience lupus the same way.

There is no single test for lupus. Diagnosis is guided by the 2023 EULAR/ACR classification criteria- an internationally recognised framework used by rheumatologists worldwide. Due to the complexity and variability of lupus, early specialist review is recommended.

While there is currently no cure for lupus, several medication classes help manage the disease, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, antimalarials, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and biologics. Treatment is highly individualised and typically managed by a rheumatologist, alongside other specialists, depending on which organs are affected.

Lupus disproportionately affects women (90% of cases), particularly those of childbearing age (15–44). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are 2–4 times more likely to develop SLE than the general Australian population. People of African, Hispanic, and Asian descent are also at higher risk, as are those with a family history of lupus or other autoimmune diseases. Environmental triggers such as UV light exposure, certain medications, infections, and hormones can also contribute to disease onset and flares.

Currently, there is no cure for lupus. However, ongoing research is bringing us closer to better treatments and, ultimately, a cure. The Lupus Foundation of Australasia actively supports and advocates for lupus research across Australia and New Zealand. With improved treatments and better disease management, many people with lupus are able to live full and active lives.